Metastatic brain tumor

Alternative Names

Treatment

Treatment depending on the size and type of the tumor, the initial site of the tumor, and the general health of the person. The goals of treatment may be relief of symptoms, improved functioning, or comfort.

Surgery may be used for metastatic brain tumors when there is a single lesion and when there is no cancer elsewhere in the body. Some may be completely removed. Tumors that are deep or that infiltrate brain tissue may be debulked (removing much of the tumor's mass to reduce its size).

Surgery may reduce pressure and relieve symptoms in cases when the tumor cannot be removed. Radiation therapy may be advised for tumors that are sensitive to radiation.

Medications may include the following:

• Corticosteroids such as dexamethasone to reduce brain swelling
• Osmotic diuretics such as urea or mannitol to reduce brain swelling
• Anticonvulsants such as phenytoin to reduce seizures
• Pain medication
• Antacids or antihistamines to control stress ulcers
• Chemotherapy

When multiple metastases (widespread cancer) are discovered, treatment may focus primarily on relief of pain and other symptoms.

Comfort measures, safety measures, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and other interventions may improve the patient's quality of life. Legal advice may be helpful in forming advanced directives, such as power of attorney, in cases where continued physical or intellectual decline is likely.

Support Groups

For additional information, see cancer resources.

Outlook (Prognosis)

In general, the probable outcome is fairly poor. For many people with metastatic brain tumors, the cancer spreads to other areas of the body. Death often occurs within 2 years.

Possible Complications

• Brain herniation (fatal)
• Permanent, progressive, profound neurologic losses
• Loss of ability to interact
• Loss of ability to function or care for self

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your health care provider if you develop a persistent headache that is new or different for you.

Call your provider or go to the emergency room if you or someone else suddenly develops stupor, vision changes, or speech impairment, or has seizures that are new or different.